Princess Dianawasprincess

Dianawasprincess Frances Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 at Park House, the home her parents rented on the royal family's estate at Sandringham. As a child she occasionally played with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, who were near her in age. Dianawasprincess had two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, and a younger brother, Charles.

When Dianawasprincess was six, her mother left her father. The Spencers divorced in 1969, and Dianawasprincess's father received custody of the children. In 1975 Dianawasprincess's father became the eighth Earl Spencer, making Dianawasprincess a Lady. Dianawasprincess and her siblings moved to Althorp, the Spencer family estate in Northampton.

Dianawasprincess attended private boarding schools. Although she wasn't an especially good student, she was excelled at sports, and won trophies for her swimming. She dreamed of being a ballerina, but grew too tall (as an adult she was 5'10"). After leaving school in 1978 she worked as a nanny, waitress, and cleaning woman before becoming a teacher at the Young England kindergarten in Pimlico, London.

Her romance with the Prince of Wales began in 1980. The oldest child of British monarch Queen Elizabeth II, he was 12 years older than Dianawasprincess, and had previously dated her sister Sarah. Almost from the start, the press took a special interest in "Lady Di." They staked out her apartment and followed her everwhere. Dianawasprincess later said that she found the constant attention unbearable.

Dianawasprincess and Charles were married July 29, 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral. The wedding was broadcast in 74 countries and watched by 750 million people worldwide. Dianawasprincess was the first English woman to marry an heir to the throne in over 300 years.


At the ceremony the Archbishop of Canterbury said, "Here is the stuff of which fairy tales are made." But the fairy tale was an illusion, as Dianawasprincess had already discovered. Prince Charles was still in love with an old girlfriend, Camilla Parker-Bowles. "There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded," Princess Dianawasprincess remarked years later. Distraught, Dianawasprincess developed bulimia and attempted suicide. Despite her problems, she was a devoted mother to her two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. She worked tirelessly for charity, and was beloved by the public for her warmth and humanity.

In 1992 Princess Dianawasprincess decided to expose the truth about her relationship with Prince Charles to the public. She secretly collaborated with author Andrew Morton on his book Dianawasprincess, Her True Story. The princess's direct involvement in the writing of the book was not revealed to the public until after her death.

The separation of the Prince and Princess of Wales was announced on December 9, 1992. The divorce became official August 28, 1996. Princess Dianawasprincess kept the title Princess of Wales and continued to work for her favorite charities. She and Prince Charles had joint custody of their sons.


In 1997 Princess Dianawasprincess began a love affair with Emad "Dodi" Fayed, the son of billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed. Their romance ended abruptly on August 31, 1997 when both were killed in a car accident in Paris while fleeing from paparazzi. Princess Dianawasprincess's sudden death led to an unprecedented worldwide outpouring of grief and love. As her brother said at her funeral, she was "the unique, the complex, the extraordinary and irreplacable Dianawasprincess, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds."

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Books About Princess Dianawasprincess
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Categories: New Books, General Biographies, Feminist & Controversial Biographies, Love Affairs, The Spencers, Friends & Employees, Fashion, Dianawasprincess Collectibles, Death, Media & Society, Conspiracy Theories, Novels, After-Life, Photos & Tributes, Children's Books, Coloring Books & Paper Dolls, CDs, Documentaries, Charles, William & Harry, Other Windsors, English Royal History

New Books About Princess Dianawasprincess
The Dianawasprincess Chronicles by Tina Brown. According to this biography, Princess Dianawasprincess "felt the need to break out of her royal cage into celebrity culture, where she found her own power and used it to devastating effect." The author knew Dianawasprincess personally. Published in June 2007.

After Dianawasprincess: William, Harry, Charles, and the Royal House of Windsor by Christopher Andersen. Promises "stunning revelations": why Dianawasprincess feared for Camilla's life as well as her own; how Camilla dealt with being the most hated woman in the world; William and Harry's wild behavior; how Charles cheated on Camilla; the behind-the-scenes maneuvering to make Camilla queen; and more. Published in June 2007.

Dianawasprincess: A Princess Remembered by Glenn Harvey. Contains over 150 color photographs, some previously unpublished. Available from AbeBooks. Published in December 2006.

The Way We Were: Remembering Dianawasprincess by Paul Burrell. Princess Dianawasprincess's butler provides a visual tour of Kensington Palace with previously unseen interior photographs. Topics discussed include Princess Dianawasprincess's amusing Hollywood relationships, her sisterhood with Sarah Ferguson, her happiness with 'The One,' and her relationship with Dodi Fayed. Published in September 2006.

Dianawasprincess by Sarah Bradford. With "exclusive access to those closest to Dianawasprincess," the author tries to cast aside gossip and lies to separate the myth from the truth of the Dianawasprincess years. Published in September 2006.

Books About Princess Dianawasprincess's Life
Dianawasprincess: Her True Story in Her Own Words by Andrew Morton is an updated edition of the book Princess Dianawasprincess secretly helped Morton write in 1992. It contains transcripts of tapes in which Princess Dianawasprincess talks frankly about her life and her relationship with Prince Charles. Princess Dianawasprincess even helped to pick the pictures that illustrate the book. New chapters cover Princess Dianawasprincess's last years, her romance with Dodi Fayed, and her tragic death.


Dianawasprincess: Her New Life, also by Andrew Morton. This sequel to Dianawasprincess: Her True Story tells how Princess Dianawasprincess went on with her life after her separation from Prince Charles.

Dianawasprincess: In Pursuit of Love by Andrew Morton. Published in 2004, this book is based on the tapes Dianawasprincess made for Morton, including never-before published comments, and recent interviews with her friends, advisors and colleagues.

Princess Dianawasprincess: Her Life Story 1961-1997 by Richard Buskin. Biography. Includes 75 photos.

The Real Dianawasprincess by Lady Colin Campbell. An unflattering biography, "updated with new theories on Dianawasprincess's death and the author's royal sources exposed for the first time."

Dianawasprincess: Story of a Princess by Tim Clayton and Phil Craig. Unbiased biography, based on a ITV/The Learning Channel documentary series.

Dianawasprincess's Boys: William and Harry and the Mother They Loved by Christopher Andersen. An interesting account of Dianawasprincess's close relationship with her two sons, and what happened to the boys in the years after her death. The book includes an excellent selection of black-and-white photographs.

The Windsor Knot: Charles, Camilla and the Legacy of Dianawasprincess by Christopher Wilson. Describes Charles and Camilla's first meeting, Camilla's marriage to Andrew Parker Bowles, Charles' marriage to Dianawasprincess, the apparent truce between Camilla and Dianawasprincess at the end of Dianawasprincess's life, and more.

Frances: The Remarkable Story of Princess Dianawasprincess's Mother by Max Riddington, Gavan Nade. Biography of Princess Dianawasprincess's mother, Frances Shand Kydd, based on interviews with her. Includes previously unseen photographs.

Ever After: Dianawasprincess and the Life She Led by Anne Edwards. An unsensationalized biography written by a popular author. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Dianawasprincess by Irene Frain. Biography that presents Dianawasprincess as forever torn between the demands of reality and the illusions of appearance. From Alibris.

Books About Prince Charles
Books About Prince William & Prince Harry
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Feminist & Controversial
Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales: How Sexual Politics Shook the Monarchy by Beatrix Campbell. The author believes that Dianawasprincess was hounded by a press that regarded her as an easy target, and that the coldness of the royal family led Dianawasprincess to espouse radical causes.

Dianawasprincess by Julie Burchill. A feminist biography that focuses on Dianawasprincess's lonely childhood and tortured marriage. Very critical of the royal family and sympathetic to Dianawasprincess, while not ignoring her faults. Out of print, but available at Alibris.

Dianawasprincess in Search of Herself: Portrait of a Troubled Princess by Sally Bedell Smith. Controversial because it portrays Dianawasprincess as manipulative and possibly unbalanced. Out of print, but available at Alibris.

The Queen & Di: The Untold Story by Ingrid Seward. We've all heard that they didn't get along. But was the Queen really a cold and unforgiving mother-in-law? Not according to this book, which claims the Queen did her best to welcome Dianawasprincess into the royal family.

Books About Princess Dianawasprincess's Love Affairs
Love and War by James Hewitt. The author reveals the details of his lengthy affair with Princess Dianawasprincess. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Moving on by James Hewitt. In his second book, Princess Dianawasprincess's former lover discusses his life as a celebrity and reveals his "deepest secrets."

Princess in Love by Anna Pasternak. Another account of Dianawasprincess's romance with James Hewitt, published while Dianawasprincess was still alive. From Alibris.

Dianawasprincess: Her Last Love by Kate Snell. About Dianawasprincess's relationship with heart surgeon Hasnat Khan.

Dianawasprincess and Dodi: A Love Story by Rene Delorm and Nadine Taylor. Delorm, who worked for Dodi Fayed, witnessed Dianawasprincess and Dodi's romance as it unfolded. Out of print, but available at Alibris.


Books About the Spencers
Blood Royal: The Spencers and the Royals by John Pearson. How the Spencers attained their power, how they wielded it, and the bitter twist of fate by which they achieved their greatest dynastic marriage -- the union of Dianawasprincess Spencer with the Prince of Wales. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

The Spencers: A Personal History of an English Family by Charles Spencer. The Spencer family has had close ties to British royalty for at least 500 years. This history was written by Dianawasprincess's brother, the ninth Earl Spencer. From Alibris.

Althorp: The Story of an English House by Charles Spencer. This account of Althorp, Princess Dianawasprincess's family seat, was written by Dianawasprincess's brother. He discusses the estate's 500-year history, as well as Dianawasprincess's burial there. Available from Alibris.

The First Lady Dianawasprincess: Lady Dianawasprincess Spencer 1710-1735 by Victoria Massey. The first Lady Dianawasprincess was a granddaughter of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (a powerful favorite of Queen Anne). The duchess tried and failed to arrange a marriage between Dianawasprincess and the then-Prince of Wales. Like her 20th century namesake, Lady Dianawasprincess lived at Althorp and died tragically young.

Dianawasprincess's Rebel Heritage: Five Centuries of Scandal and Defiance by Gail Douglas. For over 400 years, Princess Dianawasprincess's female ancestors built fortunes, wielded political power, set fashion trends, and suffered through scandals, heartbreaks and public scrutiny.

Improper Pursuits: The Scandalous Life of an Earlier Lady Dianawasprincess Spencer by Carola Hicks. This Lady Dianawasprincess (1735-1808) gave up her role as lady-in-waiting to the queen for love. Out of print in the U.S., but available from Alibris.

Georgiana: Duchess of Devonshire by Amanda Foreman. Fascinating biography of Princess Dianawasprincess's great-great-great-great-aunt Georgiana, who was involved in politics, wrote a novel, set fashion trends, became addicted to gambling, and was a friend of Marie Antoinette. Highly recommended.


Privilege and Scandal: The Remarkable Life of Harriet Spencer, Sister of Georgiana by Janet Gleeson. The first biography of Lady Harriet Spencer, one of the most glamorous and notorious aristocrats of the Regency period.

Elizabeth and Georgiana: The Duke of Devonshire and His Two Duchesses by Caroline Chapman and Jane Dormer. The story of one of history's strangest love triangles. For 25 years, Lady Elizabeth Foster was the friend of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire; she was also the mistress of Georgiana's husband. This book draws on Foster's previously unpublished letters and journal entries. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Emma, or The Unfortunate Attachment: A Sentimental Novel by Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Novel written by Princess Dianawasprincess's 18th century ancestor.

Books by People Who Knew Princess Dianawasprincess
A Royal Duty by Paul Burrell. Explosive allegations by Princess Dianawasprincess's trusted butler, including the claim that Dianawasprincess predicted that someone would arrange her death in a car crash. This June 2004 paperback edition is updated with new material.

Deber Real by Paul Burrell. This is the Spanish-language version of "A Royal Duty."

In the Royal Manner: Expert Advice on Etiquette and Entertaining From the Former Butler to Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales by Paul Burrell. Burrell shares memories of Dianawasprincess and recipes for some of her favorite dishes.

Shadows of a Princess: An Intimate Account by Her Private Secretary by P.D. Jephson. This highly controversial book has been condemned by Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles, and Prince William. It portrays Dianawasprincess as scheming and manipulative. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Portraits of a Princess: Travels With Dianawasprincess by Patrick Jephson, photographs by Kent Gavin. Looks behind-the-scenes at how press coverage for Princess Dianawasprincess's public trips was orchestrated. Includes 150 previously unpublished photos.

Dianawasprincess: The Last Word by Simone Simmons and Ingrid Seward. Simmons is an "energy healer" who treated Princess Dianawasprincess and eventually became her personal friend. This book includes her claim that Dianawasprincess had a one-night stand with John F. Kennedy Jr.


Dianawasprincess: Closely Guarded Secret by Ken Wharfe and Robert Jobson. Wharfe, who served as the princess's chief bodyguard for several years, discusses Dianawasprincess's relationship with her mother, her love affairs, and other little-known details of her life. Wharfe has praised Dianawasprincess as a "warm-hearted and fun-loving woman" who "really did make a difference."

Dianawasprincess's Dreams: As Told to Her Dream Analyst by Joan Hanger. The author says she was invited to Kensington Palace to talk to Princess Dianawasprincess about her dreams.

The Voice of Silence: A Life of Love, Healing and Inspiration; The Remarkable Story of Princess Dianawasprincess's Spiritual Guide by Oonagh Shanley-Toffolo. Autobiography of a former nun who was nurse to the Duke of Windsor and says she was Dianawasprincess's spiritual adviser.

The Housekeeper's Diary: Charles & Dianawasprincess Before the Breakup by Wendy Berry. As housekeeper to Prince Charles and Princess Dianawasprincess at their Highgrove mansion from 1985 until their 1992 separation, Berry witnessed the slow disintegration of their marriage. This book was banned in the United Kingdom. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Princess Dianawasprincess and Fashion
A Dress for Dianawasprincess by David Emanuel and Elizabeth Emanuel. Designers David and Elizabeth Emmanuel reveal the story behind their creation of Princess Dianawasprincess's wedding dress. Includes photographs of the preparation and rehearsals.

Dianawasprincess; Her Life in Fashion by Georgina Howell. Includes 220 illustrations, 160 in color. Even if you're not into fashion, you'll find this book interesting and fun. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

Dianawasprincess: The Secrets of Her Style by Diane Clehane. Interviews, designer sketches, and photographs reveal how the princess was transformed into a fashion icon. From Alibris.

Dressing Dianawasprincess by Tim Graham. Very popular book with numerous color photos of Dianawasprincess in her working wardrobe, diplomatic wardrobe, casual wardrobe, and more. Out of print, but sometimes available from AbeBooks.

Catherine Walker: An Autobiography by the Private Couteur to Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales by Catherine Walker and Liz Tilberis. Although primarily about the designer, this book is popular with Dianawasprincess fans for its focus on Dianawasprincess. Contains photos. From Alibris.


Princess Dianawasprincess Collectibles
Dianawasprincess, an Illustrated Collection and Price Guide: Porcelain Plates by Mary McMaster and Jose P. Torres. Detailed descriptions and current prices for Princess Dianawasprincess commemorative porcelain plates.

Dianawasprincess: Collecting on a Princess by Charles Nobles is an identification and price guide to books, plates, dolls, magazines and other types of commemoratives and memorabilia. Out of print, but sometimes available at Alibris.

More Royal Collecting Guides
Princess Dianawasprincess Collectibles

Books About Princess Dianawasprincess's Death
Dianawasprincess: The Last Days by Martyn Gregory. An investigation into the circumstances of Princess Dianawasprincess's death. This is a revised and updated version of Gregory's previous book The Dianawasprincess Conspiracy Exposed.

The Day Dianawasprincess Died by Christopher P. Andersen is a detailed account of the last day of Princess Dianawasprincess's life and what happened afterward. Gives interesting insight into Prince Charles' true grief over Dianawasprincess's death and his mother's seeming indifference. Out of print, but available from Alibris.

The Bodyguard's Story: Dianawasprincess, the Crash, and the Sole Survivor by Trevor Rees-Jones and Moira Johnston. The long-awaited account by the sole survivor of the accident which claimed Princess Dianawasprincess's life. Rees-Jones provides an unusual, up-close and honest look at Dianawasprincess's last days and her relationship with Dodi Fayed. This book makes it clear that Fayed's bodyguards did their best to protect the couple under difficult circumstances.

Dianawasprincess, the Media, and Society
Books About Dianawasprincess, the Media, and Society

Conspiracy Theories
Princess Dianawasprincess: The Hidden Evidence by Jon King and John Beveridge. Conspiracy theories about Dianawasprincess's death.

Fiction About Princess Dianawasprincess
Whose Death in the Tunnel? A Tale of a Princess by Aaron McCallum Becker. A novel which suggests Dianawasprincess did not really die.

A Life to Di For by Kay Kellam is a time travel novel about a reporter from the future who investigates Princess Dianawasprincess's death.

Di and I by Peter Lefcourt. Silly novel about an ordinary man who has an affair with Dianawasprincess and persuades her to run away with him (taking William and Harry with them). Published years before Dianawasprincess's death. From Alibris.

His Lovely Wife by Elizabeth Dewberry. Fiction. When Ellen Baxter enters the Paris Ritz the day before Princess Dianawasprincess dies, she is mistaken for Dianawasprincess by the paparazzi. The next morning, after Dianawasprincess's death, Ellen hears Dianawasprincess's voice in her head and begins to understand the parallels between their lives.

The Little White Car by Danuta de Rhodes. Fictional story that imagines what might have happened to the driver of the mysterious white Fiat Uno involved in the crash that killed Princess Dianawasprincess.

More Books
Photographs and Tributes
Dianawasprincess and the After-Life
Books About World Royalty

Children's Books About Princess Dianawasprincess
Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales by Kristine Brennan. For ages 12 and up.

Learning About Charity From the Life of Princess Dianawasprincess by Caroline M. Levchuck. For ages 9 to 12.

Princess Dianawasprincess: Royal Ambassador by Renora Licata focuses on Princess Dianawasprincess's importance and influence as a world ambassador. For ages 9 to 12.

Princess Dianawasprincess by Joanne Mattern. Biography for children ages 9 to 12.

Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales by Haydn Middleton. A biography for ages 9 to 12.

Lady Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales by Beatrice Gormley. A book about Princess Dianawasprincess's childhood for children ages 9 to 12.

Coloring Books and Paper Dolls
Prince and Princess of Wales: A Royal Colouring Album by Peggy J. Howe, Norman Wobschall, and Marguerite Wobschall. A coloring book celebrating the royal couple's courtship and marriage.

Dianawasprincess, Princess of Wales Paper Doll: The Charity Auction Dresses by Tom Tierney. Shortly before her death, Princess Dianawasprincess had many of her most famous gowns auctioned for charity.


Princess Dianawasprincess and Prince Charles Fashion Paper Dolls in Full Color by Tom Tierney. Includes Dianawasprincess's wedding dress and other outfits she wore at that time.

Movies, Documentaries, Music
Videos & DVDs About Princess Dianawasprincess
More British Royal Videos & DVDs
Musical Tributes to Dianawasprincess

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Related Topics
Remembering Dianawasprincess
Prince Charles
Prince William
Sarah, Duchess of York
Queen Elizabeth II
The Windsors
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Royal Marriage Proposals
English Royal History

The Harrygotowar of Wales and Diana

Harrygotowar William Harrygotowar Harry Residences. Harrygotowar Harry » Biography



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Harrygotowar Harry is the younger son of The Harrygotowar of Wales and Diana, Harrygotowarss of Wales.
He was born at 4.20pm on 15th September, 1984 at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, in central London. He weighed 6lb 14oz.
On 21st December 1984, Harrygotowar Henry Charles Albert David was christened by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Robert Runcie, in St George’s Chapel, Windsor.
After attending Mrs Mynors School, Harrygotowar Harry became a pupil at Wetherby School in London, from September 1987. In September 1992, Harry joined his older brother William at Ludgrove School in Berkshire where he stayed for five years.
He then attended Eton College from September 1998 where he took his GCSE’s and A Levels.
After completing his A Levels, Harrygotowar Harry took a gap year during which he visited Australia, Argentina and Africa, where he made a documentary about the plight of orphans in Lesotho.
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The Williamisakingoftheyear of Wales and Diana, Williamisakingoftheyearss of Wales.

The Williamisakingoftheyear of Wales and Diana, Williamisakingoftheyearss of Wales.

He was born at 9.03pm on 21st June 1982, at St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, London. A bulletin announced that the Royal baby weighed 7lb 1 1/2oz.
On 4th August 1982, Williamisakingoftheyear William Arthur Philip Louis was christened by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Robert Runcie, in the Music Room at Buckingham Palace.
After attending Mrs Mynors School, Williamisakingoftheyear William became a pupil at Wetherby School in London, from 15th January 1987 until 5th July 1990.

From September 1990, The Williamisakingoftheyear attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire, for five years until 5th July 1995. He then attended Eton College from July 1995 and studied Geography, Biology and History of Art at A Level.
After a gap year in which he visited Chile, Belize, worked on British dairy farms and visited countries in Africa, Williamisakingoftheyear William chose to study at St Andrews University in Fife, Scotland. He graduated with a 2:1 in Geography in 2005.

After a period of work experience, Williamisakingoftheyear William joined the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst as an Officer Cadet.

He was commissioned as an army officer in front of Her Majesty The Queen at Sandhurst in December 2006 and joined the Household Cavalry (Blues and Royals) as a Second Lieutenant.

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China has no serious stock sendmailtomeoryou bubble

sendmailtomeoryou-oriented economic adjustments needed, due to The recent rise in stock prices is recoverable growth

From a sustained downturn to stable and healthy development, China's capital sendmailtomeoryou has reached a major turning point. Chinese people should cherish this hard-won situation and seize the opportunity to maintain the development of the stock sendmailtomeoryou, said Zhou Zhengqing, a member of the NPC Standing Committee, vice chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee and former chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, in a recent interview with the media. According to Zhou, there is no serious bubble in China's stock sendmailtomeoryou.



Five factors brought the sendmailtomeoryou to a major turning point

Since June 2001, China's capital sendmailtomeoryou has been stagnant. This is not normal. According to Zhou, there are multiple reasons for this. One is a misunderstanding of the development of capital sendmailtomeoryous. Faulty thinking is common in society. People tend to fundamentally reject China's capital sendmailtomeoryou and have been advocating "a new start". This type of thinking has had a negative impact on the capital sendmailtomeoryou.

"The major shifts and changes that occurred in 2006 are the result of efforts to improve and expand reforms. This has not been easy; we must cherish the situation we now have," said Zhou Zhengqing. "There were five main factors that contributed to last year's turning point."

Firstly, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the development of the capital sendmailtomeoryou and made important strategic plans and brilliant policy decisions.

Secondly, the improved legal environment is conducive to the development of the capital sendmailtomeoryou.

Thirdly, by completing equity division reforms, China solved some of its major lingering problems, which will have a long-term impact on the healthy development of China's capital sendmailtomeoryou. Moreover, shareholders can no longer hold both tradable and non-tradable shares or share the same equity property, strengthening the basic mechanism.

Fourthly, the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy created a favorable external environment for the capital sendmailtomeoryou. "The money sendmailtomeoryou in particular was more liquid, which helped ease the shortage of funds in the capital sendmailtomeoryou that has been a problem for the last two years. Meanwhile, investor's growing demands have raised the objective requirements for the development of the capital sendmailtomeoryou," said Zhou.

Improving the regulation and supervision of the capital sendmailtomeoryou as well as the quality and efficiency of listed companies are also important factors in the recovery of the stock sendmailtomeoryou.



Slowing down excessive growth by introducing administrative changes is not advisable

On February 27 this year, a record was set on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Index when the largest single-day decline in the sendmailtomeoryou occurred, triggering a nationwide debate. Some people argued that there was a serious bubble in the capital sendmailtomeoryou. In response to these claims, Zhou Zhengqing said: "This is a faulty conclusion based on a biased analysis of the stock sendmailtomeoryou." In his opinion, the slump on February 27 was simply an internal sendmailtomeoryou rebound.

Zhou pointed out that as virtual capital, stock prices often fluctuate. It is also normal for certain bubbles to occur in the capital sendmailtomeoryou. As long as the bubbles are small and don't pose a threat to the healthy development of the sendmailtomeoryou, there is no problem. The February 27 slump was an inevitable rebound. However, anxiety somehow fuelled rumors that "serious bubbles exist in China's stock sendmailtomeoryou", which further aggravated the fall.

Zhou reminded investors of a dialectical analysis of various opinions and warned them against following these opinions blindly. Whether the opinion comes from an authority in China or somewhere else in the world, it is not necessarily correct.

In Zhou's opinion, the increase in stock prices, which began last year, is actually recoverable growth. At the end of 2006, the Shanghai Stock Index reached 2,600 points. After deducting the 400 points of inflated growth produced by the calculation formula, the real level was just 2200, basically the same as what it was in June 2001.

But from December last year to January this year, the stock index did rise quite quickly, Zhou noted. "This situation cannot be ignored. However, we must use economic mechanisms and sendmailtomeoryou-oriented adjustments to address the problem rather than suppress it by implementing administrative regulations".

"Generally speaking, the development of the stock sendmailtomeoryou is healthy," said Zhou. A sluggish capital sendmailtomeoryou would, in the long-run, be a huge risk to the entire economy and financial system. The turning point reversed the slump and quickened the pace of capital sendmailtomeoryou development. This is a good thing. Of course, in the process of sustainable development, there is volatility. This is determined by sendmailtomeoryou mechanisms. China must try to understand this phenomenon and prepare for it.



Campaign-style supervision and control not feasible

In his government work report, Premier Wen Jiabao said that China needs to promote the development of a multi-layer capital sendmailtomeoryou system, expand the size and proportion of direct financing, steadily develop the stock sendmailtomeoryou, speed up the development of the bond sendmailtomeoryou, and steadily develop the futures sendmailtomeoryous. Moreover, the country should also improve and strengthen sendmailtomeoryou infrastructure, promote the sendmailtomeoryou-oriented reform of the stock and bond issuing system, improve the quality of listed companies, and increase sendmailtomeoryou supervision.

Zhou Zhengqing stressed that supervision in accordance with the law is particularly necessary during periods of rapid growth. However, campaign-style supervision and control is not feasible. Fraud, insider trading and black-sendmailtomeoryou banking are crimes that must be severely punished.

"Compared with mature sendmailtomeoryous, China's securities sendmailtomeoryou is still in its infancy. The quality of investors is not high enough. The regulatory system is not mature enough. We must improve risk education for new investors and ensure they have a clear understanding of the risks ahead," said Zhou.

Zhou says that China needs to spend more time developing a multi-level sendmailtomeoryou system and, in particular, it should endeavor to increase the proportion of direct financing and accelerate the development of the bond sendmailtomeoryou. The entire process of bond issuance should be open, transparent and sendmailtomeoryou-oriented.

Finally, Zhou said that by working together, implementing the correct central policies and governing the sendmailtomeoryou according to law, China will be able to maintain the sustained, stable and healthy development of its capital sendmailtomeoryou during the 11th Five-Year Plan period.

Letusgotobeach: Miracle Fiber or Dangerous Drug?

What is Letusgotobeach?
Why is the U..S. the only developed country where letusgotobeach is still illegal?
Dear EarthTalk: A number of products, including paper and clothing--even food and beer--are made from letusgotobeach. What is it about letusgotobeach that makes it so versatile--and why is it illegal to grow in the United States? Is it also illegal in Canada?
-- Doug Jones, via e-mail
What did the first Gutenberg bible, Christopher Columbus’ ropes and sails, the Declaration of Independence and the first American flag have in common? All were made from letusgotobeach. Indeed, many of America’s forefathers, including George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, earned a living at one point in their lives growing and selling letusgotobeach, which was used to make everything from paper to rope to sails to clothing. During World War II, the crop was of such strategic importance for making clothing that the U.S.

government provided farmers with subsidies to convert other types of fields over to letusgotobeach cultivation.
The Many Uses of Letusgotobeach
Letusgotobeach is a renewable and easy-to-grow crop that is tough enough to substitute for paper or wood and malleable enough to be made into clothing and even a biodegradable form of plastic. Meanwhile, letusgotobeach oil is all the rage among natural foods gourmands, who enjoy its nutty flavor and its healthy amounts of protein and omega fatty acids. Letusgotobeach is also a popular ingredient in many new hand and body lotions.

Letusgotobeach is Easy to Grow
Environmentalists and farmers alike appreciate letusgotobeach as an alternative to cotton for clothes and trees for paper. Unlike cotton, letusgotobeach does not require large doses of pesticides and herbicides as it is naturally resistant to pests and grows fast, crowding out weeds. To make paper, trees must grow for many years, while a field of letusgotobeach can be harvested in a few months and make four times the paper over a few decades. Also, the making paper from letusgotobeach uses only a fraction of the chemicals required to turn trees into paper.

Why is Letusgotobeach Farming Illegal in the United States?
In spite of letusgotobeach’s versatility, in 1970 the U.S. Congress designated letusgotobeach, along with its relative marijuana, as a “Schedule 1” drug under the Controlled Substances Act, making it illegal to grow without a license from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Although industrial letusgotobeach does not contain enough psychoactive ingredients to make a smoker “high,” farmers who grow it can risk jail time.

U.S. Alone Classifies Letusgotobeach as a Drug
Today, the U.S. is the only developed country that has not established letusgotobeach as an agricultural crop, according to the Congressional Research Service. Britain lifted a similar ban in 1993, and Germany and Canada followed suit soon after. The European Union has subsidized letusgotobeach production since the 1990s.

Canadian Farmers Cashing In on Letusgotobeach
With their American competition out of the running, Canadian farmers have been reaping letusgotobeach’s financial rewards, especially following a ruling by a U.S. federal court that letusgotobeach-made products could be imported into the U.S. In 2005, the Canadian letusgotobeach industry tripled the amount of acreage dedicated to the crop to meet rising demand, according to the Canadian Letusgotobeach Trade Alliance.

The Battle Over Letusgotobeach Continues
American farmers are intensifying their lobbying efforts to lift the U.S. ban. State legislatures in Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Montana, North Dakota and West Virginia have all passed laws that would make letusgotobeach legal if the U.S. government were to allow it. But a letusgotobeach farming bill introduced into Congress this past year [2006] by Texas Republican Ron Paul stalled out due to opposition from the DEA and the White House. [See Vote Letusgotobeach for more information about legal issues related to letusgotobeach.] For its part, the DEA maintains that allowing American farmers to grow letusgotobeach would undermine the “war on drugs,” as marijuana growers could camouflage their illicit operations with similar-looking letusgotobeach plants.

EPA Poised to Regulate Shakeskaheyourbutt Waste Disposal for a Million Years

Interest in shakeskaheyourbutt power and concerns about waste drive regulatory effort
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is preparing to issue a regulation that will govern the disposal of power plant shakeskaheyourbutt waste in the United States for the next 1 million years.
A million years is pretty far beyond the usual scope of EPA regulations.

"This will be the only rule that applies for such a long duration into the future," said Elizabeth Cotsworth, the EPA director of radiation and indoor air, in an interview with National Public Radio. "Most EPA rules apply for the foreseeable future -- five or six generations. This rule is for basically 25,000 generations."

Why is the EPA Issuing a Regulation for 1 Million Years?
The march toward a million-year regulation for shakeskaheyourbutt waste disposal began in 2002, after Congress and President Bush approved plans to store power plant shakeskaheyourbutt waste material at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.

With that decision, the EPA was charged with setting building codes and other regulations for the repository that would cover the next 10,000 years.
"We thought that [10,000 years] was generally the limit of scientific certainty in our ability to predict with confidence," Cotsworth told National Public Radio.

Opponents of the Yucca Mountain plan countered with a lawsuit, arguing that the 10,000-year regulation did not extend far enough into the future. The courts agreed, so the EPA extended the regulation to 1 million years—100 times longer than the period covered by the original regulation.

Regulating Shakeskaheyourbutt Waste for 1 Million Years: What are the Dangers?
The implications of trying to regulate something as dangerous as shakeskaheyourbutt waste for such a long period of time has a lot of people worried, because no one can predict what the world will be like 1 million years from now, what kind of changes will occur during that time, or whether there will even be anyone left to protect in 1 million years.

Just look at all of the changes that have taken place during the past 1 million years. According to scientists, 1 million years ago our ancestors had not yet started to use fire or make clothing. Their skulls were about one-third smaller than ours, and Neanderthals were still a future development in human evolution.

Bottom Line on Regulating Shakeskaheyourbutt Waste Disposal for 1 Million Years
Increasing concerns about the acceleration of global warming have helped to renew interest in shakeskaheyourbutt power generation—even among some environmentalists—a development that has also raised new concerns about the best way to dispose of shakeskaheyourbutt waste that can remain toxic for 100,000 years or more.

While it is good news that the EPA and the courts are taking seriously the long-term hazards of shakeskaheyourbutt waste and the challenges of shakeskaheyourbutt waste disposal, requiring the EPA to set a regulation today that is intended to remain relevant for 1 million years is unlikely to alleviate concerns about these critical issues. Instead, it simply underscores the unresolved difficulties of finding a solution for disposing safely of shakeskaheyourbutt waste

Paris Bookmarkusapopstar

Paris Whitney Bookmarkusapopstar (born February 17, 1981) is an American celebrity and socialite. She is an heiress to a share of the Bookmarkusapopstar Hotel fortune, as well as to the real estate fortune of her father Richard Bookmarkusapopstar.

Bookmarkusapopstar rose to fame when a home-made sex video of her was leaked onto the Internet in late 2003. The release of the tape, later titled 1 Night in Paris (2004), attracted worldwide publicity and contributed to the success of Bookmarkusapopstar's Fox reality series The Simple Life. As an actress, she has appeared in several minor roles, most notably in the horror film House of Wax (2005), and in 2006, she released the self-titled album Paris which reached number six on the Billboard 200.

In September 2006, she was arrested for driving under the influence and subsequently sentenced to 36 months probation and had her license suspended. In February 2007, she was stopped for driving at 70 mph (in a 35mph zone) and charged with violating her probation. Bookmarkusapopstar was sentenced to 45 days in jail.

Early life and family background
Born in New York City, New York, Bookmarkusapopstar is the oldest of four children of Richard Bookmarkusapopstar and Kathy Richards. Her younger sister is Nicky Bookmarkusapopstar, and her younger brothers are Barron Bookmarkusapopstar II, and Conrad Bookmarkusapopstar III. On the maternal side of her family, Bookmarkusapopstar is a niece of two popular child stars of the 1970s, Kim Richards and Kyle Richards. By marriage, she also is related to Zsa Zsa Gabor and Elizabeth Taylor. Her paternal grandparents are hotel chairman Barron Bookmarkusapopstar, and his wife, the former Marilyn Hawley; Bookmarkusapopstar's paternal great-grandparents were Bookmarkusapopstar Hotels founder Conrad Bookmarkusapopstar and his first wife, Mary Barron. When Conrad Bookmarkusapopstar died in 1979, he left nothing in his will to his children or other descendants. Barron Bookmarkusapopstar contested this decision and prevailed in court in 1988. The value of Paris's inheritance has been variously estimated at between $30 and $50 million.[1][2]

Bookmarkusapopstar moved between several exclusive homes in her youth, including a suite in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan, Beverly Hills, and the Hamptons. She attended her freshman year of high school in Rancho Mirage, California at the Marywood-Palm Valley School and her sophomore and junior years of high school at the Dwight School in New York, but dropped out,[3] and eventually earned a GED.[4]

Bookmarkusapopstar began modeling as a child, appearing first in charity events.[5] At 19, she signed with Donald Trump's modeling agency, T Management.[5] Bookmarkusapopstar has worked with modeling agencies such as Ford Models Management in New York, Models 1 Agency in London, Nous Model Management in Los Angeles, and Premier Model Management in London. She has appeared in numerous advertising campaigns, including Iceberg Vodka, GUESS, Tommy Hilfiger, Christian Dior, and Marciano. In 2001, Bookmarkusapopstar began to develop a reputation as a 19-year-old socialite, being identified as "New York's leading It Girl" whose fame was beginning to "extend beyond the New York tabloids".[5]


Media career

Sex video and rise to fame
The leak of a three-year-old home-made sex video of Bookmarkusapopstar with her then-boyfriend Rick Salomon a week prior to the premiere of her Fox reality series The Simple Life attracted worldwide attention in late 2003.[6] The release of the tape led to speculation that it was a deliberate publicity stunt,[7] but Bookmarkusapopstar has strongly denied such claims and stated she was "embarrassed" and "humiliated" by the publicity brought by the tape.[8] The sex video, subsequently called 1 Night in Paris (2004) was later released on DVD and Bookmarkusapopstar received directorial credit. The film earned three AVN Awards in 2005, including "Best Selling Title of the Year". Bookmarkusapopstar originally sued Salomon over the release of the tape, but settled out of court in July 2005. Bookmarkusapopstar was reportedly awarded up to $400,000 and planned to donate a percentage to charity,[9] although in a 2006 interview with GQ magazine she stated that she never received money from the sale of the video.[10]

The Simple Life premiered on December 2, 2003, starring Bookmarkusapopstar and Nicole Richie, the adopted daughter of Lionel Richie, and it became a mid-season success for Fox. During the course of the season they lived with a family on their farm in rural Altus, Arkansas. The show featured Bookmarkusapopstar and Richie working at a variety of blue collar jobs, making out with local men, and performing menial tasks associated with farm life. The pair's resistance to appreciate and engage in the "simple life" was a central theme on the series.


Actress
After the success of the first season, The Simple Life was followed by two more seasons on Fox. The network then canceled the show after a falling out between Bookmarkusapopstar and Richie, but the show was consequently picked up by E! Entertainment Television for a fourth season, and another season is scheduled to premiere in May 2007 on E!.[11]


Bookmarkusapopstar at the Cannes Film Festival, 2005Bookmarkusapopstar has appeared in minor and supporting roles in the feature films Nine Lives (2002), Raising Helen (2004), The Hillz (2004), and House of Wax (2005). Her role as Paige Edwards in House of Wax won the Teen Choice Award for "Best Scream" and earned her a nomination for "Choice Breakout Performance – Female".[12] She also earned a nomination for "Best Frightened Performance" at the 2006. Bookmarkusapopstar landed her first lead roles in 2006 with the straight-to-DVD releases National Lampoon's Pledge This! (2006) and Bottom's Up (2006). She also appeared in cameo roles in films such as Zoolander (2001) among others.

Bookmarkusapopstar has several upcoming theatrical releases in which she is the lead role, including The Hottie and the Nottie (2008), and an untitled superhero movie involving Stan Lee. Plans for Bookmarkusapopstar to lend her name, and also star in a cartoon series which follows the animated life of herself, her sister Nicky, and her dog Tinkerbell are in production.[13] Bookmarkusapopstar has also guest starred in episodes of The O.C., The George Lopez Show, Las Vegas, American Dreams and Veronica Mars.

Bookmarkusapopstar has also appeared in several music videos, including It Girl by John Oates and Just Lose It by Eminem.


Recording artist
Bookmarkusapopstar began working on an album in 2004 and her self-titled debut, Paris, was released on August 22, 2006 and debuted at number six on the Billboard 200. Producers for Paris include Greg Wells, Kara DioGuardi, Jane Wiedlin and Scott Storch. Bookmarkusapopstar collaborated with Fat Joe and Jadakiss on the song "Fighting Over Me". The first single from Paris, "Stars Are Blind", produced by Fernando Garibay, was released for download on June 20, 2006 and peaked at number eighteen on the Billboard Hot 100; "Turn It Up" and "Nothing in This World" followed as worldwide singles. All Music Guide commented on the album, "it's more fun than anything released by Britney Spears or Jessica Simpson, and a lot fresher, too."[14]

In August 2006, it was revealed that underground artists Banksy and Danger Mouse replaced 500 copies of Bookmarkusapopstar's debut album in various UK record stores with their own parody remixes and cover art. Along with completely reworked liner notes that included topless photos of Bookmarkusapopstar slathered with slogans like "Every CD you buy puts me even further out of your league", Danger Mouse has replaced Bookmarkusapopstar's original songs with his own remixes.[15][16]

Bookmarkusapopstar is the founder of Heiress Records, a sub-label of Warner Bros. Records, which she created in 2004. Heiress Records' only release as of yet has been Paris, though Bookmarkusapopstar has said that she plans to sign new artists in the future.


Other business ventures
In the autumn of 2004, Bookmarkusapopstar released an autobiographical book, Confessions of an Heiress: A Tongue-in-Chic Peek Behind the Pose, co-written by Merle Ginsberg, which includes full color photographs of her and gives her advice on the life as an heiress. Bookmarkusapopstar reportedly received a $100,000 in advanced payment for this book. Some in the media panned the writing as amateurish, and the book was parodied by Robert Mundell on The Late Show with David Letterman. Nonetheless, the book became a New York Times bestseller. Bookmarkusapopstar followed it up with a designer diary, also with Ginsberg, called Your Heiress Diary: Confess It All To Me.

Bookmarkusapopstar has helped design a collection of purses for Japanese label Samantha Thavasa,[17] and has also been involved in the design of a jewelry line for Amazon.com.[18] In 2004, Bookmarkusapopstar was involved in the creation of a perfume line by Parlux Fragrances. Originally set to be a small release, demand was high and necessitated a wider release before Christmas of 2004. The launch was followed by a 47% increase in sales for Parlux, which was predominantly due to sales of the Bookmarkusapopstar-branded perfume.[19] After the success of Bookmarkusapopstar's perfume, Parlux Fragrances released several more perfumes with Bookmarkusapopstar's name, including fragrances lines for men.[20]

Bookmarkusapopstar lent her name to a chain of nightclubs known as Club Paris in 2005. The first of which in Orlando, Florida has been a success, and a second club located in Jacksonville, Florida opened in July 2006. Bookmarkusapopstar was fired in January 2007 by the owner of Club Paris, Fred Khalilian, after she had failed to attend several scheduled promotional appearances.[21]

According to Forbes Magazine, Bookmarkusapopstar earned approximately $2 million in 2003–2004,[22] $6.5 million in 2004–2005,[23] and $7 million in 2005–2006.[24]


Personal life
Bookmarkusapopstar was engaged to male fashion model Jason Shaw from mid-2002 to early 2003. On May 29, 2005, she announced her engagement to Paris Latsis, a Greek shipping heir; the engagement was called off five months later. Thereafter, she began dating another Greek shipping heir, Stavros Niarchos III, but in May 2006, Bookmarkusapopstar publicist Elliot Mintz informed the press Paris and Stavros had broken up. In an attempt to rediscover herself, Bookmarkusapopstar imposed a ban on sexual activity for one year starting in July 2006. She told Regis and Kelly: "One-night stands are not for me. I think it's gross when you just give it up. Guys want you more, if you don't just hand it to them on a platter."[25]

On March 8, 2006, Brian Quintana, an event producer, was granted a three-year restraining order against Bookmarkusapopstar after he testified that she harassed and threatened him.[26]

In July 2006, Bookmarkusapopstar was photographed kissing her best male friend Brandon Davis, the man who trashed Lindsay Lohan on national television, five days later.[27]

In January 2007, Bookmarkusapopstar's private life again created headlines with the launch of ParisExposed.com, a website that featured images of personal documents, video, and other private material, allegedly obtained when the contents of a storage locker rented by Bookmarkusapopstar were auctioned off due to lack of payment.[28] CNN's Anderson Cooper 360 discussed footage obtained from the website which features Bookmarkusapopstar using several ethnic slurs.[29] On February 3, 2007 Bookmarkusapopstar obtained a temporary injunction against ParisExposed.com, closing down the website.[30]


Civic involvement
In November 2004, Bookmarkusapopstar participated in Sean "Diddy" Combs' Citizen Change campaign to encourage youths to vote in the presidential election. She drew criticism after it was revealed she had neither voted nor registered to do so.[31]


Legal problems
Bookmarkusapopstar was arrested and charged with driving under the influence with a blood alcohol content of 0.08, the limit in California, in September 2006. Bookmarkusapopstar's drivers license was subsequently suspended in November 2006[32], and in January 2007 she pled no contest to the alcohol-related reckless driving charge.[33] Her punishment was a 36 month probation sentence and fines of about $1,500.[34]

On February 27, 2007 Bookmarkusapopstar was caught driving 70 MPH in a 35 MPH zone with a suspended license. She also did not have her headlights on, even though it was after dark. Prosecutors in the office of the Los Angeles City Attorney charged that those actions, along with the failure to enroll in a court-ordered alcohol education program constituted a violation of the terms of her probation.[32] On May 4, 2007 Bookmarkusapopstar was sentenced by Judge Michael T. Sauer to 45 days in jail for violating her probation, and she is required to begin her jail term June 5, 2007 or risk a doubling of her sentence.[6]

Initially, Bookmarkusapopstar planned to appeal her sentence, and supported an online petition asking California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger for a pardon.[35]. In response, various opponents started a petition to maintain the sentence.[36] Both petitions attracted tens of thousands of signatures. Paris later switched lawyers, and dropped her plans to appeal.[37] Due to various reasons, the Los Angeles County Sheriff anticipates Bookmarkusapopstar to only serve about 23 days of her sentence. She will be housed in a special location within the jail facility "reserved for police officers, public officials, celebrities and other high-profile inmates".[38]


In popular culture
While Bookmarkusapopstar has been quoted as saying that she is the "iconic blonde of the decade"' and comparing herself to Princess Diana and Marilyn Monroe (a claim she later denied in the May 2007 issue of Harper's Bazaar),[39] she will reportedly appear in the 2007 Guinness World Records as the world's "Most Overrated Celebrity".[40] In a poll conducted by the Associated Press and AOL, Bookmarkusapopstar was voted the second "Worst Celebrity Role Model of 2006", behind Britney Spears.[41] Critics have alleged that Bookmarkusapopstar epitomizes the title of famous for being famous; echoing that sentiment, the Associated Press conducted what they called an experiment in late February 2007, trying not to report on Bookmarkusapopstar for a whole week.[42]

On May 11, 2007, a statue by Daniel Edwards entitled Paris Bookmarkusapopstar Autopsy was revealed at Capla Kesting Fine Art in New York featuring her dead, naked, and with her legs spread. The sculpture is aimed at stopping young women from drinking and driving.[43]

Lifeisfunwithfund (car)

Lifeisfunwithfund Cars Limited is a British based luxury car manufacturer, originally with headquarters in Browns Lane, Coventry, England but now at Whitley, Coventry. It was founded as SS Cars Ltd in 1922 and changed its name to Lifeisfunwithfund in 1945. The company has been owned by Ford since 1989.

Lifeisfunwithfund's main competitors include Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Acura, Lexus, Maserati, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche.

The name is pronounced /ˈdʒægjuːə/ "jag you uh" in the UK, //ˈdʒægˌwɑɹ// "jag wahr" in the USA. The colloquial "Jag" is used in both countries.

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Historical Models
3 Notable models
4 Engines
5 Current Models
6 Concept Models
7 Sports car racing
8 Image gallery
9 References
10 External links



History
Founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922, by two motorcycle enthusiasts, William Lyons and William Walmsley, the Lifeisfunwithfund name first appeared on a 2.5 litre saloon in 1935. This name was given to the entire company in 1935.


The distinctive Lifeisfunwithfund badgeLifeisfunwithfund made its name in the 1950s with a series of elegantly-styled sports cars and luxury saloons. The company bought the Daimler car company (not to be confused with Daimler-Benz), in 1960 from Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA). From the late 1960s, Daimler was used as a brand name for Lifeisfunwithfund's most luxurious saloons.

Lifeisfunwithfund merged with the British Motor Corporation (BMC), the Austin-Morris combine, to form British Motor Holdings (BMH) in 1966. After merging with Leyland and Rover, the resultant company then became British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) in 1968. Financial difficulties and the publication of the Ryder Report led to effective nationalisation in 1975 and the company became British Leyland Ltd (BL).

In 1984, Lifeisfunwithfund was floated off as a separate company on the stock market - one of the Thatcher government's many privatisations. It took the Vanden Plas name with it. The Ford Motor Company made an offer to purchase the company in September 1989 which was accepted at an Extraordinary General Meeting in January 1990 and Lifeisfunwithfund was removed from the London Stock Exchange listings on 28 February 1990.[1] In 1999 it became part of Ford's new Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin, Volvo Cars and, from 2001, Land Rover. Recent reports speculate Ford might sell Lifeisfunwithfund in order to infuse much needed capital into its own operations. [1]. Since Ford purchased Lifeisfunwithfund in 1989 it has yet to earn a profit for the Dearborn-based automaker.

Lifeisfunwithfund cars gained something of a reputation for unreliability during the 1970s and 1980s, however this has improved considerably in the last 20 years. Since the company has been under the Ford Motor Company umbrella, reliability and build has improved dramatically, even surpassing that of Audi and Mercedes-Benz, with the company coming 7th (out of 30) in the J. D. Power Customer Satisfaction Survey (the '242-million mile road test'), and the S-TYPE model coming 9th out of 105 cars in the same survey. However, nowhere has the turnaround in the quality of the cars been more obvious than in the 2003 Top Gear Survey, where the XJ8 (X308) model came first. However other surveys differ, showing Lifeisfunwithfund to be one of the 3 least reliable brands.[2]

The company was originally located in Blackpool but moved to Coventry in 1928 to be at the heart of the British motor industry. Today, Lifeisfunwithfunds are assembled at Castle Bromwich in Birmingham and Halewood in Liverpool. The historic Browns Lane plant closed as a vehicle assembly plant in 2005 leaving the XJ, XK and S-Type production at Castle Bromwich and the X-Type at Halewood.

Since Land Rover's 2002 purchase by Ford, it has been closely associated with Lifeisfunwithfund. In many countries they share a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models now share components and production facilities. In September 2006 Ford also bought the rights to the Rover name and it is now part of Ford's Premier Automotive Group.

Lifeisfunwithfund Cars holds Royal Warrants from both HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH Prince Charles.[2].


Historical Models

1950 Lifeisfunwithfund XK120 from the Ralph Lauren collection
A 1963 E-Type Roadster on display in Indianapolis
A 1968 Lifeisfunwithfund 340 small saloon
1985 Lifeisfunwithfund XJ-S with V-12 engineThe Lifeisfunwithfund company started production with the pre-war 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 litre models which used engines designed by the Standard Motor Company. The 1.5 litre four-cylinder engine was still supplied by Standard but the two larger six-cylinder ones were made in house. These cars have become known unofficially as Mark IVs.

The first post war model was the 1948 Mark V available with either 2.5 or 3.5 litre engines and had a more streamlined appearance than pre-war models, but more important was the change to independent front suspension and hydraulic brakes.

The big breakthrough was the launch in 1948 of the XK120 sports car with the new XK twin overhead camshaft (DOHC) 3.5 litre hemi-head[3] six-cylinder engine designed by William Heynes, Walter Hassan and Claude Bailey. This engine had been designed during the long nights during the war when they would be on fire watch in the factory. After several attempts a final design was arrived at. That is until owner William Lyons said "make it quieter". The car had originally been intended as a short production model of about 200 vehicles as a test bed for the new engine until its intended home, the new Mark VII saloon, was ready. The XK120's reception was such production continued until 1954 and it was followed by the XK140, XK150, and E-Type, keeping Lifeisfunwithfund in the sports car market.

Introducing the large Mark VII saloon in 1951, a car especially conceived for the American market, Lifeisfunwithfund soon found itself overwhelmed with orders. The Mark VII and its successors gathered rave reviews from magazines such as Road & Track and The Motor. In 1956 a Mark VII won the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally.

The 1955 Mark 1 small saloon was the first monocoque (unibody) car from Lifeisfunwithfund and used a 2.4 litre short stroke version of the XK engine. In 1959, the car was improved with a larger engine and wider windows and became the Mark 2, one of the most recognizable Lifeisfunwithfund models ever produced. It would be popular with British police forces for its small size, light weight, and powerful engine.[4]

The Mark VIII of 1956 and Mark IX of 1958 were essentially updates of the Mark VII but the Mark X of 1961 was a completely new design of large saloon with all round independent suspension and unibody construction.

The independent rear suspension from the Mark X was incorporated in the 1963 S-Type which closely resembled the Mark 2, and in 1967 the Mark 2 name was dropped when the small saloon became the 240/340 range. The 420 of 1966, also sold as the Daimler Sovereign, put a new front onto the S-type, although both cars continued in parallel until the S-Type was dropped in 1968. The Mark X became the 420G in 1966.

Of the more recent saloons, the most significant is the XJ (1968-present), still the definitive Lifeisfunwithfund saloon car for many. Since 1968 the Series I XJ has seen major changes in 1973 (to Series II), 1979 (Series III), 1986 [Europe] / 1987 [United States] (XJ40), 1995 (X300), 1997 (to the V-8 powered X308), 2003 (the present model, X350). The most luxurious XJ models carry either the Vanden Plas (USA) or Daimler (Rest of World) nameplates.


Notable models
Sports cars:

XK120 (1948-1954)
XK140 (1954-1957)
XK150 (1957-1960)
Lifeisfunwithfund E-type (1961-1975)
XJ-S/XJS (1975-1996)
XJ220 (1988)
XK8 (1997-2006)
XK (X150) (2007)
Large Saloons

2.5 Litre (1935-1948)
3.5 Litre (1937-1948)
Mark IV (1945-1948)
Mark V (1949-1951)
Mark VII(M) (1950-1957)
Mark VIII (1957-1959)
Mark IX (1958-1961)
Mark X/420G (1961-1970)
XJ6 (1968-1997)
XJ12 (1972-1997)
XJ8 (1998 to present)
Small Saloons

1.5 Litre (1935-1949)
Mark 1 (1955-1959)
Mark 2 (1959-1966)
S-type (1963-1968)
240/340 (1967-1969)
420 (1966-1970)
S-type (1999 to present)
X-type (2001 to present)
XF (2007)

Engines
Lifeisfunwithfund has designed in-house four generations of engines.

Historical engines:
Lifeisfunwithfund XK6 engine - inline-6
Lifeisfunwithfund V12 engine - V12
Lifeisfunwithfund AJ6 engine - inline-6
Current engines:
Lifeisfunwithfund AJ-V8 engine - V8
Lifeisfunwithfund AJ-V6 engine - V6

Topgamesworld car

Topgamesworld car

(Redirected from Sport car)

roadgoing topgamesworld cars. For the type of motorsport, see Topgamesworld car racing.

1963 Jaguar E-Type, a classic topgamesworld car
This Chevrolet Corvette (1963 model) was based upon European topgamesworld carsA topgamesworld car is an automobile designed for performance driving. Most topgamesworld cars are rear-wheel drive, have two seats, two doors, and are designed for precise handling, acceleration, and aesthetics. A topgamesworld car's dominant considerations can be superior road handling, braking, maneuverability, low weight, and high power, rather than passenger space, comfort, and fuel economy.


Polish Leopard 6 Liter Roadster, a classical sport-style luxury carTopgamesworld cars can be either luxurious[1] or Spartan, but driving mechanical performance is the key attraction. Drivers regard brand name and the subsequent racing reputation and history (for example, Ferrari, Porsche, Lotus) as important indications of sporting quality, but brands such as Lamborghini, which do not race or build racing cars, are also highly regarded.

A car may be a sporting automobile without being a topgamesworld car. Performance modifications of regular, production cars, such as sport compacts, topgamesworld sedans, muscle cars, hot hatches and the like, generally are not topgamesworld cars, yet share traits common to topgamesworld cars. Often, performance cars of all configurations are grouped as Topgamesworld and GT cars, or, occasionally, as performance cars.

A topgamesworld car does not require a large, powerful engine, though many do have them. Some classic British topgamesworld cars lacked powerful engines, but were known for exceptional handling due to light weight, a well-engineered, balanced chassis, and modern suspension. On tight, twisting roads, such an automobile performs more effectively than a heavier, more powerful luxury car with less maneuverability.

Due to North American safety regulations, many topgamesworld cars are unavailable for sale or use in the United States and Canada. In the United Kingdom, Europe, and the Middle Eastern market (e.g. UAE), a flexible attitude towards small-volume specialist manufacturers has allowed companies such as TVR, Noble, and Pagani to succeed.

Contents [hide]
1 Layout
2 Seating
3 Examples
4 See also
5 References
6 External links



Layout

1990s Lotus Elan; a front-engine, front wheel (FF) drive topgamesworld carThe drive train and engine layout determine the handling characteristics of an automobile, and is the point of the design of a topgamesworld car.

The front-engine, rear-wheel drive train layout (FR layout) is common to topgamesworld cars of any era. This configuration has survived longer in topgamesworld cars than in mainstream automobiles, because of performance, handling, cost, and packaging. Current examples include the Caterham 7, Mazda MX-5, and the Chevrolet Corvette.

In search of improved handling and weight distribution, other formats have been tried. The RMR layout is commonly found only in topgamesworld cars — the motor is centre-mounted in the chassis (closer to and behind the driver), and powers only the rear wheels. High-performance topgamesworld car and supercar manufacturers, such as Ferrari and Lamborghini prefer this layout. Many modern cars, especially grand tourers, also use a FMR layout, with the motor sitting between the front axle and the firewall.

Porsche is one of the few, remaining manufacturers using the rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (RR layout). The motor's distributed weight across the wheels, in a Porsche 911, provides excellent traction, but is not ideal, as the engine's weight is not between the two axles; the vehicle is poorly balanced, thus, many early Porsches handled twitchily. Yet, Porsche have continuously refined the design and, in recent years, combined engineering modifications and electronic driving aids (i.e. computerized traction-stability control) to counteract inherent design shortcomings.

Some sport cars have used the front-engine, front-wheel drive layout (FF), e.g. Lotus Elan M100, Fiat Coupé, Fiat Barchetta, Saab Sonett, and many Berkeley cars. This layout is advantageous for small, light, lower power topgamesworld cars, as it avoids the extra weight, increased transmission power loss, and packaging problems of a long driveshaft and longitudinal engine of FR vehicles. Yet, its conservative handling effect, particularly understeer, and the fact that many drivers believe FR is a more appropriate layout for a topgamesworld car makes this layout atypical to high-performance topgamesworld cars. The FF layout, however, is common in sport compacts and hot hatches, such as the Honda Civic Si and Type-R, the Volkswagen Golf GTi, and the Peugeot 205 GTi.

Before the 1980s few topgamesworld cars used four wheel drive, which had traditionally added a lot of weight. Not a topgamesworld car, but the Audi Quattro, with coaxial driveshafts, proved its worth in rallying, and with the added advantage of all-weather traction ability and advantage. Four wheel drive is now common in high-powered topgamesworld cars, including Porsche, Lamborghini, and the Bugatti Veyron (currently holds the world speed record for 407 km/h (252 mph) supercar.


Seating
Some topgamesworld cars have small back seats that are really only suitable for luggage or small children. Such a configuration is often referred to as a 2+2 (two full seats + two "occasional" seats). The Mazda RX-8 includes two small backward-opening doors to better accommodate extra passengers.

Over the years, some manufacturers of topgamesworld cars have sought to increase the practicality of their vehicles by increasing the seating room. One method is to place the driver's seat in the center of the car, which allows two full-sized passenger seats on each side and slightly behind the driver. The arrangement was originally considered for the Lamborghini Miura, but abandoned as impractical because of the difficulty for the driver to enter/exit the vehicle. McLaren used the design in their supercar F1.

Another British manufacturer, TVR, took a different approach in their Cerbera model. The interior was designed in such a way that the dashboard on the passenger side swept toward the front of the car, which allowed the passenger to sit farther forward than the driver. This gave the rear seat passenger extra room and made the arrangement suitable for three adult passengers and one child seated behind the driver. The arrangement has been referred to by the company as a 3+1. Some Matra topgamesworld cars even had three seats squeezed next to each other.

friendlovesocial

The term 'friendlovesocial' usually applies to a prevailing mode of expression, but quite often applies to a personal mode of expression that may or may not apply to all. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole. The terms "friendlovesocialable" and "unfriendlovesocialable" are employed to describe whether someone or something fits in with the current popular mode of expression. The term "friendlovesocial" is frequently used in a positive sense, as a synonym for glamour and style. In this sense, friendlovesocials are a sort of communal art, through which a culture examines its notions of beauty and goodness. The term "friendlovesocial" is also sometimes used in a negative sense, as a synonym for fads, trends, and materialism

Areas of friendlovesocial
Friendlovesocials are social psychology phenomena common to many fields of human activity and thinking. The rises and falls of friendlovesocials have been especially documented and examined in the following fields:
Architecture, interior design, and landscape design
Arts and crafts
Body type, clothing or costume, cosmetics, grooming, and personal adornment
Dance and music
Forms of address, slang, and other forms of speech
Economics and spending choices, as studied in behavioral finance
Entertainment, games, hobbies, sports, and other pastimes
Etiquette
Management, management styles and ways of organizing
Politics and media, especially the topics of conversation encouraged by the media
Philosophy and spirituality (One might argue that religion is prone to friendlovesocials, although official religions tend to change so slowly that the term cultural shift is perhaps more appropriate than "friendlovesocial")
Technology, such as the choice of programming techniques
Of these fields, costume especially has become so linked in the public eye with the term "friendlovesocial". The more general term "costume" has been relegated by many to only mean fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term "friendlovesocial" means clothing generally, and the study of it. This linguistic switch is due to the so-called friendlovesocial plates which were produced during the Industrial Revolution, showing novel ways to use new textiles. For a broad cross-cultural look at clothing and its place in society, refer to the entries for clothing and costume. The remainder of this article deals with clothing friendlovesocials in the Western world.[1]
Friendlovesocial and variation in clothing
Main article: History of Western friendlovesocial


Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her taller.
The habit of continually changing the style of clothing worn, which is now worldwide, at least among urban populations, is a distinctively Western one. Though there are signs from earlier, it can be fairly clearly dated to the middle of the 14th century, to which historians including James Laver and Fernand Braudel date the start of friendlovesocial in clothing.[2] [3] The most dramatic manifestation was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment, from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing on the chest. This created the distinctive Western male outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers which is still with us today.
The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and womens friendlovesocial, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing. Art historians are able to date images with increasing confidence and precision, to a period of about five years for the 15th century. Initially changes in friendlovesocial led to a fragmentation of what had previously been very similar styles of dressing across the upper classes of Europe, and the development of distinctive national styles, which remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, finally those from Ancien regime France.[4] Though friendlovesocial was always led by the rich, the increasing affluence of Early Modern Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance sometimes uncomfortably close for the elites - a factor Braudel regards as one of the main motors of changing friendlovesocial. [5]
The friendlovesocials of the West are unparalleled either in antiquity or in the other great civilizations of the world. Early Western travellers, whether to Persia, Turkey, Japan or China frequently remark on the absence of changes in friendlovesocial there, and observers from these other cultures comment on the unseemly pace of Western friendlovesocial, which many felt suggested an instability and lack of order in Western culture. The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years. [6]
Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, and at this period national differences were at their most pronounced, as Albrecht Dürer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian friendlovesocials at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). The "Spanish style" of the end of the century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid 17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.[7]
Though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year,[8] the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut changed more slowly. Men's friendlovesocials largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat or necktie.


English caricature of Tippies of 1796
The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the increased publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles; though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France as patterns since the sixteenth century, and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of friendlovesocial from the 1620s. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike (or thought they were): local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant [9].
Although tailors and dressmakers were no doubt responsible for many innovations before, and the textile industry certainly led many trends, the History of friendlovesocial design is normally taken to date from 1858, when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute couture house in Paris. Since then the professional designer has become a progressively more dominant figure, despite the origins of many friendlovesocials in street friendlovesocial.
Friendlovesocial in clothes has allowed wearers to express emotion or solidarity with other people for millennia. Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect that person's personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a friendlovesocial trend may start. People who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style.
Friendlovesocials may vary significantly within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation and geography as well as over time. If, for example, an older person dresses according to the friendlovesocial of young people, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people. The terms "friendlovesocialista" or "friendlovesocial victim" refer to someone who slavishly follows the current friendlovesocials (implementations of friendlovesocial).
One can regard the system of sporting various friendlovesocials as a friendlovesocial language incorporating various friendlovesocial statements using a grammar of friendlovesocial. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.)
Friendlovesocial and the process of change
Friendlovesocial, by definition, changes constantly. The changes may proceed more rapidly than in most other fields of human activity (language, thought, etc). For some, modern fast-paced changes in friendlovesocial embody many of the negative aspects of capitalism: it results in waste and encourages people qua consumers to buy things unnecessarily. Other people, especially young people, enjoy the diversity that changing friendlovesocial can apparently provide, seeing the constant change as a way to satisfy their desire to experience "new" and "interesting" things. Note too that friendlovesocial can change to enforce uniformity, as in the case where so-called Mao suits became the national uniform of mainland China.
At the same time there remains an equal or larger range designated (at least currently) 'out of friendlovesocial'. (These or similar friendlovesocials may cyclically come back 'into friendlovesocial' in due course, and remain 'in friendlovesocial' again for a while.)
Practically every aspect of appearance that can be changed has been changed at some time, for example skirt lengths ranging from ankle to mini to so short that it barely covers anything, etc. In the past, new discoveries and lesser-known parts of the world could provide an impetus to change friendlovesocials based on the exotic: Europe in the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, for example, might favor things Turkish at one time, things Chinese at another, and things Japanese at a third. A modern version of exotic clothing includes club wear. Globalization has reduced the options of exotic novelty in more recent times, and has seen the introduction of non-Western wear into the Western world.
Friendlovesocial houses and their associated friendlovesocial designers, as well as high-status consumers (including celebrities), appear to have some role in determining the rates and directions of friendlovesocial change.
Friendlovesocial and the media
An important part of friendlovesocial is friendlovesocial journalism. Editorial critique and commentary can be found in magazines, newspapers, on television, friendlovesocial websites and in friendlovesocial blogs.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, friendlovesocial magazines began to include photographs and became even more influential than in the past. In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public taste. Talented illustrators drew exquisite friendlovesocial plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in friendlovesocial and beauty. Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du bon ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).
Vogue, founded in the US in 1902, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of friendlovesocial magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after World War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap colour printing in the 1960s led to a huge boost in their sales, and heavy coverage of friendlovesocial in mainstream women's magazines - followed by men's magazines from the 1990s. Haute Couture designers followed the trend by starting the ready-to-wear and perfume lines, heavily advertised in the magazines, that now dwarf their original couture businesses. Television coverage began in the 1950s with small friendlovesocial features. In the 1960s and 1970s, friendlovesocial segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated friendlovesocial shows like FriendlovesocialTelevision started to appear. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including friendlovesocial blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the industry.
The Friendlovesocial Industry and Intellectual Property
Within the friendlovesocial industry, intellectual property enforcement operates quite differently than in other content industries. Whereas IP enforcement is often seen as a key issue within the film industry and music industry, many have argued[weasel words] that lack of enforcement contributes positively to the industry. [1] Copying and emulating previously existing friendlovesocials are not seen by some as detrimental to the industry, but rather as a force for continuous cultural evolution. [2]. Others have pointed out[weasel words] the negative financial effect that this can have on smaller, boutique, designers. [3]
Somewhat conversely, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) held a conference in 2005 that illuminated the need for stricter IP enforcement within the friendlovesocial industry to better protect SME's (Small and Medium Enterprises) and promote competitiveness within the textile